RESUMO
Primary pleomorphic sarcoma of the left atrium is a rare tumor. There is no actual evidence of the management of this pathological entity, so the main treatment is individualized, surgical management being the cornerstone of the treatment. We present a 78-year-old female who had a clinical picture of heart failure, documenting an atrial mass of the left atrium, with high-grade pleomorphic sarcoma revealed in histopathology. The tumor was surgical removed, with no clinical evidence of residual mass. The tumor recurred again within 3 years, to which the patient succumbed.
RESUMO
La leche en polvo es un producto de alto consumo humano que no precisa de ser conservado en frío, no obstante, diversos microorganismos pueden deteriorarlo. En la población costarricense, también se observa este alto consumo, por la facilidad del alimento para transporte, preparación y su costo competitivo. Bacillus cereus es una bacteria potencialmente patógena asociada a este tipo de producto, capaz de desarrollar toxinas dependiendo de la presencia o ausencia de los respectivos genes codificantes. En este estudio se determinó la presencia de los genes toxigénicos nheA, nheB y nheC en cepas de B. cereus aisladas de leche deshidratada vendida en el mercado nacional costarricense.Se examinaron cinco lotes diferentes, de diez marcas comerciales de leche en polvo distribuidos en el área metropolitana de San José Costa Rica. Se procedió a cuantificar B. cereus en las muestras de leche en polvo mediante la técnica de Número Más Probable (NMP) e identificar los aislamientos utilizando el equipo automatizado Vitek®. Adicionalmente, se determinó la presencia de los genes nheA, nheB y nheC mediante la técnica de PCR. La frecuencia de aislamiento de Bacillus cereus en las muestras de leche en polvo analizadas alcanzó un 50%, con cantidades que oscilaron entre 3 y >100 NMP/g. Se recuperaron 19 cepas de B. cereus aisladas, cinco fueron positivas para los tres genes toxigénicos, lo cual revela la presencia de B. cereus potencialmente toxigénico en leches deshidratadas del mercado nacional, lo que representa un riesgo para la salud pública.
Powdered milk is a frequently consumed product that does not need to be kept under cold conditions. Nevertheless, different microorganisms may contaminate it. Powdered milk is a highly consumed product by Costa Rican population, and Bacillus cereus is a potentially pathogenic bacteria associated to it, with the ability to develop toxins depending on the presence of the respective codifying genes. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of the toxigenic genes nheA, nheB and nheC from B. cereus strains, found in powdered milk sold at the Costa Rican national market. Five different lots of ten brands of powdered milk, distributed in the metropolitan area of San José, Costa Rica were analyzed. B cereus load was quantified using the Most Probable Number technique and identified using the Vitek® system. The presence of the toxigenic genes was determined using the PCR technique. The isolation frequency of this bacteria in the powdered milk samples analyzed reached 50%, with populations ranging from 3 to >100 MPN/g. Five out from nineteen strains were found positive for the three toxigenic genes, indicating contamination with potentially toxigenic B. cereus in powdered milk distributed in the national market, and an important risk for public health.
Assuntos
Animais , Bacillus cereus/isolamento & purificação , Enterotoxinas/genética , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Leite/microbiologia , Bacillus cereus/genética , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , Costa Rica , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Enterotoxinas/isolamento & purificação , Reação em Cadeia da PolimeraseRESUMO
Powdered milk is a frequently consumed product that does not need to be kept under cold conditions. Nevertheless, different microorganisms may contaminate it. Powdered milk is a highly consumed product by Costa Rican population, and Bacillus cereus is a potentially pathogenic bacteria associated to it, with the ability to develop toxins depending on the presence of the respective codifying genes. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of the toxigenic genes nheA, nheB and nheC from B. cereus strains, found in powdered milk sold at the Costa Rican national market. Five different lots of ten brands of powdered milk, distributed in the metropolitan area of San José, Costa Rica were analyzed. B cereus load was quantified using the Most Probable Number technique and identified using the Vitek system. The presence of the toxigenic genes was determined using the PCR technique. The isolation frequency of this bacteria in the powdered milk samples analyzed reached 50%, with populations ranging from 3 to > 100 MPN/g. Five out from nineteen strains were found positive for the three toxigenic genes, indicating contamination with potentially toxigenic B. cereus in powdered milk distributed in the national market, and an important risk for public. health.
